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1.
Summary Photosynthetic capacities and respiration rates of Alocasia macrorrhiza leaves were measured for 4 weeks following reciprocal transfers between high (20% of full sun) and low (1% of full sun) light environments. Photosynthetic capacities and respiration rates of mature, high-light leaves were 1.7 and 4.5 times those of low-light leaves, respectively. Following transfer, respiration rates adjusted within 1 week to those characteristic of plants grown in the new environment. By contrast, photosynthetic capacities either did not adjust or changed only slowly following transfer. Most of the difference in respiration between high- and low-light leaves was related to the carbohydrate status as determined by the daily PFD and little was directly related to the maintenance costs of the photosynthetic apparatus. Leaf construction cost was directly proportional to maximum photosynthetic capacity. Consequently, although daily carbon gain per unit leaf area was the same for low-light and high to low-light transferred plants within a week after transfer, the carbon return per unit of carbon investment in the leaves remained lower in the high to low transfer plants throughout the 4 week measurement period. Conversely, in high-light, the low leaf construction cost of the low to high-light transferred plants resulted in carbon gain per unit investment just as high as that of the high-light plants. 相似文献
2.
Hartmut Böhm Hans-Georg Heinzel Hans Scharstein Gernot Wendler 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1991,169(6):671-683
The wind-orientated walk of carrion beetles Necrophorus humator F. was analysed under closed-loop conditions with a walking compensator and under openloop conditions with a paired tread wheel (Fig. 1).
相似文献
1. | On the walking compensator an animal runs stable courses with a preferred direction relative to an air current (velocity =; 100 cm/s, Fig. 2B-D). A change in the air-current direction causes a corresponding adjustment of the mean walking direction (Fig. 3). Such course adjustment works best for changes in the air-current direction by an absolute value of 90° (Table 2). |
2. | Under closed-loop conditions the animal shows deviations of less than ± 45° around its preferred direction relative to the wind (Fig. 2B-D). The characteristic curve which describes the animal's angular velocity as a function of the animal's walking direction relative to the air-current stimulus is therefore revealed only in this angular range (Fig. 3, top). |
3. | Under open-loop conditions, however, complete characteristic curves can be obtained because the animal's walking reaction in response to any given angle of air-current stimulus is measurable on the paired tread wheel (Fig. 4). The characteristic curves are approximately sinusoidal functions. They can either show a shift parallel to the ordinale by a superimposed direction-independent constant angular velocity alone or, at the same time, they can independently exhibit an angular shift along the abscissa (Fig. 5). |
4. | The walking tracks straighten with increasing air-current velocity (Fig. 6A, insets), i.e. the animal more rapidly compensates deviations from a preferred course. This corresponds to higher amplitudes of the characterisic curve and steeper slopes at the negative zero-crossing point under open- as well as under closed-loop conditions (Fig. 6). |
5. | Walking in an air-current field can be explained by a model of the course control system using a feedback loop (Fig. 7). This model operates according to a sinusoidal characteristic function on which is superimposed a Gaussian white noise process of angular velocity which is independent of walking direction. The model produces realistic walking tracks in an air-current field (Fig. 8). |
3.
摘要 目的:探讨高危结直肠腺瘤的影响因素,构建风险预测模型并验证。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2021年12月期间在江苏大学附属人民医院进行诊疗的1408例结直肠腺瘤患者的资料,根据病理特征分为高危结直肠腺瘤组(759例)和非高危结直肠腺瘤组(649例)。采用Logistic回归分析筛选高危结直肠腺瘤的独立危险因素并建立风险预测模型,并验证预测模型的应用效能。结果:Logistic回归分析结果显示,病灶部位为直肠、高血压、高脂血症、年龄≥53岁、吸烟是高危结直肠腺瘤的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。基于以上因素建立预测高危结直肠腺瘤风险的列线图模型,经Hosmer-Lemeshow检验和受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析显示,该风险预测模型具有较好的拟合度和预测效能,可以用于高危腺瘤的风险预测。结论:病灶部位为直肠、高血压、高脂血症、年龄≥53岁、吸烟是高危结直肠腺瘤的独立危险因素,临床医生可尽早对高危患者进行预防性干预以减缓高危腺瘤的发生。 相似文献
4.
Ülo Niinemets 《Trees - Structure and Function》1997,11(7):420-431
The relationship between stand biomass production, and tree age and size is generally a curve with a maximum. To understand
why wood production decreases in the final stages of stand development, the influence of increasing tree size on foliage chemical
composition and substrate requirement for foliage construction in terms of glucose [CC, g glucose (g dry mass) –
1] was investigated in the evergreen conifer Picea abies (L.) Karst. Because it was already known that irradiance affects both foliage morphology and chemistry in this species, and
it was expected that the foliage in large overstory trees would intercept on average more light than that in saplings in understory,
irradiance was measured in the sampling locations and included in the statistical models. CC of needles increased with increasing
total tree height (TH) and was independent of relative irradiance. A major reason for increasing CC with increasing TH was
a greater proportion of carbon-rich lignin in the needles in large trees. However, lignin did not fully account for the observed
changes in CC, and it was necessary to assume that certain other carbon-rich secondary metabolites such as terpenes also accumulate
in the foliage of large trees. Enhanced requirements for needle mechanical strength as evidenced by greater lignin concentrations
in large trees were attributed to increased water limitations with increasing tree height. Because water relations may also
control the sink capacities for assimilate usage, apart from the mechanical requirements, they may provide an explanation
for the accumulation of other energetically expensive compounds in the needles as well. Biomass partitioning within the shoot
was another foliar parameter modified in response to increasing tree size. The proportion of shoot axes, which serve to provide
needles with mechanical support and to supply them with water, decreased with increasing TH. This may limit water availability
in the needles, and/or manifest a lower water requirement of the needles containing proportionally more supporting and storage
substances, and consequently, less physiologically active compounds such as proteins. Probably the same factors which caused
CC of the needles to depend on TH, were also responsible for greater CC of the shoot axes in larger trees. These results collectively
suggest that increasingly more adverse water relations with increasing tree size may provide a mechanistic explanation for
the decline in foliar biomass and its functional activity during stand ageing.
Received: 9 April 1996 / Accepted: 14 January 1997 相似文献
5.
将苏云金芽孢杆菌中的pHTA1030质粒与大肠杆菌中的pJH101质粒重组后,构建出pBHGA重组质粒。此质粒通过逐步酶切,缺失后重组得到了14个分子量大小不同的衍生重组质粒。经过对pBHG1重组穿梭质粒在E.coli HB101和B.subttlis 168受体中表达的分析,证明了它带有B.thuringiensis(简写作B.t.)质粒的启动区、启始复制区和对热分离稳定区基因片段,并能高频转化B.t.受体细胞和高表达外源cat基因,同时具有对热分离稳定的特性。为B.t.基因工程体系提供了高效转化表达载体。 相似文献
6.
Dan Morse James Stoutamire Jack Duncan 《American journal of physical anthropology》1976,45(3):743-747
The course in forensic anthropology presented at Florida State University is designed to train criminal investigators in the application of physical anthropological and archaeological techniques to the investigation of buried bodies. Modification of archaeological field techniques by experimentation using artificial graves allows the recovery of fragile and easy to overlook evidence and ensures the recovery of all possible material for analysis by the physical anthropologist. An introduction to physical anthropology enables the criminal investigator to effectively communicate his needs and understand the type of information required for adequate identification of remains by a physical anthropologist. 相似文献
7.
《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2020,27(4):1169-1173
ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore the construction of a digital three-dimensional model of virtual technology that plays an auxiliary role in orthopedic treatment.MethodsThree fracture patients were selected, with no abnormality was observed in bone examination, no musculoskeletal disease in the past; and spiral CT scan of the spine and pelvis, upper limbs, and lower limbs was performed. The virtual technology was used to build a digital 3D model, mainly using the editing software Mimics10.0 software. In addition, the virtual three-dimensional model was verified by virtual surgery, data storage security, work efficiency of the model, model validity, three-dimensional characteristics of the model, the interaction mode of the model, and the data accuracy of the model were studied.ResultsThe digital 3D model was successfully established by Mimics10.0 software. The data fitting efficiency was very high. The data storage security of the 3D model was greatly improved compared with the 2D model, and the work efficiency was improved by at least 50%. There was also a significant change in the accuracy and interaction of data acquisition. Therefore, the detection of digital 3D model work through virtual surgery simulation fully demonstrated the positive auxiliary role of 3D model in orthopedic treatment.ConclusionThe digital 3D model based on Mimics10.0 software is efficient and accurate in obtaining data. It is very effective for subsequent adjuvant therapy in the field of orthopedics, reducing the probability of misdiagnosis by doctors, saving time and improving efficiency, reducing patient's physical pain and unnecessary economic expenses. 相似文献
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"发酵工程实验"是生物工程专业的工程类重要主干课之一,是培养学生工程设计、工程实践和创新思维的重要课程。基于构思—设计—实现—运行(conceive—design—implement—operate,CDIO)理念,"发酵工程实验"通过构建模块化课程内容,以构思、设计、实现、运作的项目导向模块开展课程设计,进行目标导向的教学模式改革。以"发酵工程实验"课程为载体,将工程基础知识、发酵工程系统实践能力、团队合作能力、创新能力培养等融为一体。建立基于成果导向教育(outcome-based education,OBE)理念的学生学习效果评价体系,完成"发酵工程实验"课程教学任务。学生对改革后的"发酵工程实验"课程满意度明显提高,教学效果显著。 相似文献